Senators Urge Committee to Cut Funding for Reprocessing

In an April 24 letter, nine senators urged Senate Energy and Water Appropriations Subcommittee Chair Byron Dorgan (D-ND) and Ranking Member Pete Domenici (R-NM) to cut funding for the reprocessing and reuse of spent nuclear fuel.

The letter targets funding for the Department of Energy's efforts to reprocess spent nuclear fuel under the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP).

The non-proliferation-friendly advocates are:

• Daniel Akaka (D-HI)
• Sherrod Brown (D-OH)
• Russ Feingold (D-WI)
• Tom Harkin (D-IA)
• Edward Kennedy (D-MA)
• John Kerry (D-MA)
• Bernard Sanders (I-VT)
• Charles Schumer (D-NY)
• Ron Wyden (D-OR)

These senators, "expressed wide-ranging concerns about the program ranging from cost, to nuclear proliferation risks, to environmental contamination dangers to past failures in this area," according to the Center's Director for Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Leonor Tomero. Their concerns include the programs' $200 billion burden on taxpayers, failures of past attempts to reprocess spent fuel, and the way in which the program undermines U.S. non-proliferation efforts.

Seems reasonable to me.

The letter responds to the administration's request of over $300 million for reprocessing in FY 2009, including $302 for the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative. (In FY 2008, DOE requested $405 million but received only $179 million.)

For the text of the letter and the Center's press release, click here.

Stars Aligning Against RRW?

Efforts to build a new generation of nuclear weapons suffered yet another setback with the recent release of a declassified executive summary by JASON, an independent scientific advisory body tasked by Congress to review the technical viability of the Bush administration's plans for new nuclear warheads.

The group concluded that the so-called Reliable Replacement Warhead (RRW) "needs further development" before it can be certified and enter the U.S. weapons stockpile without underground nuclear testing. In order for this certification to happen, JASON believes "additional experiments and analyses are needed" to explore possible failures of the nuclear warhead and the new manufacturing processes contemplated for building it.

As noted by CDI’s Todd Fine, “Altogether, the summary findings indicate that many of the enhanced security and safety features and new manufacturing processes used to justify the RRW program could actually add significant uncertainty to the performance of the design. As a result, the program in its current form might produce a warhead less reliable than previous approaches.”

This on top of last year’s Department of Energy report that found that the lifetime of the cores of existing nuclear warheads is at least 100 years, roughly double the Department’s original estimate of 45 years, significantly undercutting claims that the new warheads are needed.

What’s more is that RRW’s biggest advocate, Sen. Pete Domenici, announced last week that he’s retiring at the end of his term next year. A long-time chair (though now ranking member) of the Senate Energy and Water Development Appropriations Subcommittee, Domenici made securing funds for RRW one of his top priorities. Even in the event that Domenici’s vacated seat is won by another major cheerleader for the program, such as Rep. Heather Wilson, that candidate would still not have his committee seniority and therefore the same ability to forcefully steer funds towards RRW.

All of this comes as international opposition to RRW continues to mount. As noted by Doug Shaw, most recent evidence of this comes from Malaysian Ambassador Arshad Hussain who was speaking on behalf Non-Aligned Movement signatories and ratifiers of the CTBT last month. Hussain made clear that the group views the development of new nuclear weapons, including RRW, as being “in contravention not only with the undertakings provided by the nuclear weapon States at the time of the conclusion of the CTBT, but also with the Article VI of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.”

Will RRW go the way of the dodo and the nuclear bunker buster? Time will tell, but in the meantime, my fingers are crossed.

Senate Subcommittee Cuts GNEP—Cites Concerns with Cost, Technology, and Nonproliferation

The Senate Energy and Water Development Appropriations Subcommittee approved the FY 2008 Energy and Water Development bill on June 26th, which includes the bulk of funding for nuclear weapons and energy programs. Overall funding for the Senate version of the bill was $32.27 billion, about $1.8 billion above President Bush's budget request.

I previously provided analysis on the nuclear weapons funding, as well as the text on nuclear weapons language from the Committee Report.

Also included in the bill is funding for the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP), a Bush administration proposal that would reinstate commercial nuclear reprocessing in the United States after having abandoned it almost three decades ago. The administration believes that nuclear reprocessing, when uranium and plutonium are separated from waste materials in spent nuclear fuel rods, will reduce the amount of nuclear waste that will need to be placed in a permanent geological repository such as the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada.

The Senate allocated $242 million toward GNEP. While this is $153 million below the administration’s $405 million budget request, it is also $75 million over the funding that Congress allocated last year. The House only allocated $120 million for GNEP in its version of the bill.

The Committee Report limits GNEP funding to research, development and technology demonstrations at existing facilities, meaning no funds can be used “beyond conceptual design of new facilities.” Overall, the Committee Report directs the Department of Energy to focus less on commercial deployment of reprocessing facilities, and more on demonstrating the technical feasibility as well as a proven safety track record for nuclear reprocessing.

Ranking member on the subcommittee and staunch fan of all-things-nuclear Pete Domenici (R-NM) released a somewhat modest statement to the press on the GNEP funding:

Although I share the President’s desire to address our spent fuel inventories by recycling and reducing this material, I recognize that the new Congressional leadership is seeking a more modest program that can more fully demonstrate the technical and commercial feasibility of closing the nuclear fuel cycle as other countries have done.

GNEP NOT THE SILVER BULLET

The Committee Report, a beast of a document that details the subcommittee’s reasoning for funding on every program, outlined five concerns with nuclear reprocessing: cost, pace, science, technology, and non-proliferation concerns.

COSTS

Reprocessing is more expensive than purchasing new uranium and making uranium fuel. According to the Guardian Unlimited, officials from Britain’s shut-down Thorp reprocessing facility at Sellafield stated that even when operational the plant did not make money.

There are also serious costs associated with storing the waste that still remains after reprocessing, in addition to the costs associated with cleaning up reprocessing sites after they are decommissioned. The United States stopped reprocessing in 1976 after closing its only operating reprocessing plant at West Valley, New York, where the still on-going clean-up from commercial nuclear waste reprocessing is expected to cost U.S. taxpayers $5.3 billion.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The West Valley plant was shut down in part due to concerns about the underperforming technology. The facility managed to only process one year's worth of nuclear waste although the plant operated for six years, an amount equivalent to about one percent of that which is currently stored at US power plants.

In 2005 Britain shut down its only reprocessing plant after a hazardous leak was discovered. Two years later, a 2007 UK Energy White Paper reported that “The Government has concluded that any nuclear power stations that might be built in the U.K. should proceed on the basis that spent fuel will not be reprocessed." This is after a reopening of the plant scheduled for early 2007 had to be postponed when more technical problems with the facility were discovered.

NON-PROLIFERATION CONCERNS

The Committee Report also states that, “the policy of reinitiating the recycling of spent nuclear fuel in the United States is a significant issue and one that has international implications.” This statement is especially true when considering the non-proliferation concerns associated with nuclear reprocessing.

The separation of fissile materials from nuclear waste presents a serious non-proliferation concern, in that non-nuclear weapons states can use this material to build nuclear weapons. Commercial nuclear reprocessing was abandoned almost three decades ago by the United States due in part to these serious proliferation concerns. North Korea and India have both detonated nuclear weapons made in part with plutonium extracted from reprocessing reactors, demonstrating that the weapons proliferation threat associated with nuclear reprocessing is more than speculation.

CONGRESS CONCLUDES: SLOW DOWN

Given these concerns, it is no surprise that Congress is hesitant to push full ahead with expanding U.S. reprocessing capabilities. The Committee Report properly concludes, "The administration must come forward with greater scientific, technical, and policy information that examines more alternatives in the fuel cycle and recycling process."